Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is an excellent bedside tool for assessing the stroke, monitoring complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and detect brain dead patients in ICU.
Csiba L, Baracchini C. Manual of Neurosonology. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; 2016.
Kirsch JD, Mathur M, Johnson MH, et al. Advances in transcranial Doppler US: imaging ahead. Radiographics 2013;33(1):E1–E14. DOI: 10.1148/rg.331125071
Bathala L, Mehndiratta MM, Sharma VK. Transcranial Doppler: technique and common findings. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2013;16:174–179. DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.112460
Naqvi J, Yap KH, Ahmad G, et al. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a review of the physical principles and major applications in critical care. Int J Vasc Med 2013;2013:629378. DOI: 10.1155/2013/629378
Moreno JA, Mesalles E, Gener J, et al. Evaluating the outcome of severe head injury with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Neurosurg Focus 2000;8:e8. DOI: 10.3171/foc.2000.8.1.1702
Tan H, Feng H, Gao L, et al. Outcome prediction in severe traumatic brain injury with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Chin J Traumatol 2001;4(3):156–160. PMID: 11835721.
Kiphuth IC, Huttner HB, Dorfler A, et al. Doppler pulsatility index in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Eur Neurol 2013;70:133–138. DOI: 10.1159/000350815
Motuel J, Biette I, Srairi M, et al. Assessment of brain midline shift using sonography in neurosurgical ICU patients. Crit Care 2014;18(6):676. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0676-9
Martí-Fàbregas J, Belvís R, Guàrdia E, et al. Relationship between transcranial Doppler and CT data in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26(1):113–118. PMID: 15661712.
Kiphuth IC, Huttner HB, Breuer L, et al. Sonographic monitoring of midline shift predicts outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Cerebrovasc Dis 2012;34:297–304. DOI: 10.1159/000343224
Lewis A, Kirschen MP, Greer D. The 2023 AAN/AAP/CNS/SCCM pediatric and adult brain death/death by neurologic criteria consensus practice guideline: a comparison with the 2010 and 2011 guidelines. Neurol Clin Pract 2023;13(6):e200189. DOI: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200189
Poularas J, Karakitsos D, Kouraklis G, et al. Comparison between transcranial color Doppler ultrasonography and angiography in the confirmation of brain death. Transplant Proc 2006;38:1213–1217. DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.02.127
Samagh N, Bhagat H, Jangra K. Monitoring cerebral vasospasm: how much can we rely on transcranial Doppler. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2019;35(1):12–18. DOI: 10.4103/joacp.JOACP_192_17
Sviri GE, Ghodke B, Britz GW, et al. Transcranial Doppler grading criteria for basilar artery vasospasm. Neurosurgery 2006;59:360–366. DOI: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000223502.93013.6E
Feldmann E, Wilterdink JL, Kosinski A, et al. The stroke outcomes and neuroimaging of intracranial atherosclerosis (SONIA) trial. Neurology 2007;68:2099–2106. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000261488.05906.c1
Chernyshev OY, Garami Z, Calleja S, et al. Yield and accuracy of urgent combined carotidtranscranial ultrasound testing in acute cerebral ischemia. Stroke 2005;36:32–37. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000150496.27584.e3
Droste DW, Kriete JU, Stypmann J, et al. Contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the detection of right-to-left shunts: comparison of different procedures and different contrast agents. Stroke 1999;30:1827–1832. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.30.9.1827
Demchuk AM, Burgin WS, Christou I, et al. Thrombolysis in brain ischemia (TIBI) transcranial Doppler flow grades predict clinical severity, early recovery, and mortality in patients treated with tissue plasminogen activator. Stroke 2001;32:89–93. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.32.1.89