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VOLUME 3 , ISSUE 2 ( May-August, 2024 ) > List of Articles

REVIEW ARTICLE

Role of Biomarkers in Critical Care Medicine: A Review

Padmakumar V Arayamparambil

Keywords : Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Biomarkers, Critical care, Heart failure, Pneumonia, Renal failure, Sepsis

Citation Information : Arayamparambil PV. Role of Biomarkers in Critical Care Medicine: A Review. 2024; 3 (2):81-87.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10089-0120

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 19-08-2024

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).


Abstract

Biomarkers in critical care have increased manyfold. However, only a few of them are used in clinical practice. Biomarkers are considered as tools that help to make clinical decisions easier. Usage of biomarkers aids clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac conditions like myocardial infarction (MI), acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), and several malignant conditions. In conditions such as sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), there are no clear guidelines on the use of biomarkers currently. Hence, biomarkers have been slow to gain relevance in intensive care medical practice. The purpose of this literature review is to discuss few biomarkers currently available that can potentially help for decision-making and management of critically ill patients. Literature search from 2010 to 2023 for articles published in medical databases (PubMed, CrossRef, Google Scholar, Cochrane database) on biomarkers in critical care was performed, and clinically important markers were chosen for review. There is a renewed interest in the field of biomarkers relevant to intensive care unit (ICU). The most studied biomarker is procalcitonin; its usefulness in sepsis and de-escalation of antibiotics is emphasized. Newer biomarkers are aimed to help in assessment and management of critical patients with left and right heart failure, systemic and pulmonary congestion, and renal failure. There are biomarkers that help in ARDS and ventilator management. Several other biomarkers are still in the pipeline. Use of biomarkers in critical care practice is in the uptrend. In future, along with clinical assessment, use of biomarkers will be helpful for managing critically ill patients and is likely to be incorporated into prognostic scoring.

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