Cardiac failure is an increasingly prevalent community health issue that affects both developed and developing countries globally. The increasing incidence and prevalence of cardiac failure have been attributed to longer life expectancy and ongoing population aging. About 6.2 million adults in America aged 20 years and above were noted to have heart failure (HF) between 2013 and 2016, an increase from the 5.7 million cases between 2009 and 2012. The incidence of congestive cardiac failure (CCF) is estimated to be around 10 per 1,000 after 65 years of age, with 550,000 new cases reported annually. HF affects 14 million people in Europe and is thought to affect 20 million people on the Indian subcontinent.
Up to 40–50% of patients with CCF suffer from diastolic dysfunction; the systolic function is normal or almost normal. There is now a realization that cardiac performance depends not only on systolic factors of contractile force generation but also on how well the heart can relax and fill during diastole.
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